A dimmable LED lamp built without a microprocessor:
The NE555 timer IC generates a PWM signal whose duty cycle is controlled by a potentiometer — no microcontroller required. Designed and simulated in KiCAD before any physical parts were touched.
The schematic was exported from KiCAD, then milled on a desktop CNC machine. Components were hand-soldered and tested before enclosure work began.
A 3D-printed housing was designed around the exact board dimensions, integrating the potentiometer, switch, battery, and LED bulbs into a single clean object.
Each part was modeled in OnShape before printing — no improvising at assembly time. The enclosure was designed around the PCB footprint, with room for the battery, switch, and internal wires.
Circuit theory, KiCAD schematic and footprint, PCB milling process, enclosure CAD methodology, and assembly documentation.